tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71942360510690495722024-03-12T16:01:56.235-07:00ecowaffleKermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.comBlogger92125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-32840889008226241282022-09-09T05:56:00.005-07:002022-09-09T05:56:34.880-07:00Is going to the moon again a good use of resources?<h2 style="text-align: left;">Is going to the moon again a good use of resources?</h2> Is going to the moon again a good use of resources? Should we spend the money on exploring options for the future? Spend it on cleaning our planet? The answer to all of these questions is yes. Whilst going to the moon improves our technology and gets us one step closer to sci-fi films becoming reality, are we really going to improve our technology enough to leave our ruined planet? We could use our resources to explore new planets, or we could use them to fix our home planet. Going to the moon is a good use of resources, yes. However could these resources be used on more useful things, also yes. We need to fix our planet or we will die a gruesome death and you will die and I will die and that guy next to you will die and that girl who is sitting outside on a bench will also die. <div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgnR2Gx_YfPvMF47prIAB1WN_1QGEQdJWP5MsANxjL9m399pCah1OubVkgl0DXWhQJ74yhJdDd_KSJQ0bSqhg041YRODWHZkrCHyJ8VxORqG1WfSJwkeMKpPQgwsrM0NhTX2haAdRg99xuLPxUEv9IF-CiMFUV_q9C2HwrflkPoDIxjA3HKPoppkXU" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgnR2Gx_YfPvMF47prIAB1WN_1QGEQdJWP5MsANxjL9m399pCah1OubVkgl0DXWhQJ74yhJdDd_KSJQ0bSqhg041YRODWHZkrCHyJ8VxORqG1WfSJwkeMKpPQgwsrM0NhTX2haAdRg99xuLPxUEv9IF-CiMFUV_q9C2HwrflkPoDIxjA3HKPoppkXU" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Earth Rise - Perhaps the Most Valuable Thing from the Moon.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div><div>Realistically what are we going to gain by flying to the moon? Renewable energy sources? A solution for climate change? A fairy princess who will swoop down sand solve the planet that we messed up so majorly? The answer to these questions is no. As much as all humans fanaticise about easy solutions, reality is a lot harsher, there is no simple fix to what we’ve done and flying to the moon just because we can is not going to help solve anything. So in answer to the question from the beginning; Should we use our resources on flying to the moon again? We don’t know. No one knows. Maybe there is a fairy princess on the moon, maybe there is a renewable energy source, or maybe it will just be a colossal waste of resources and time.<div><br /></div><a href="https://southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_for_amazon.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment for Amazon Climate Pledge</a></div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-29378234504378799502022-09-09T05:53:00.005-07:002022-09-09T05:53:45.803-07:00Should we Colonise Mars or Fix Earth?Should we colonise mars or fix earth? I believe that we should do our best to fix earth as it is the planet we’ve been given and we shouldn’t try to run away from our problems. We would not be able to fix it completely but we can at least try. It’s our fault that we have to fix or leave earth and if we go to mars it will be inhospitable and we would just ruin that planet too. Even if we did move to mars it would be like that scene in Loki where the rich people are boarding a train to leave the planet as the moon is about to crash into it, and the poor are waiting in a cue yelling about their children, there would be no way to move the whole population and how would they decide who to move since they couldn’t? I believe that we should learn to adapt to the planet that we’ve been given, we should change as the planet changes. Otherwise the human population will not survive climate change. If the past generations had taken better care of the planet this wouldn’t be happening right now, if all humans had taken care of the planet then we wouldn’t have to think about questions like these. But we do. And since we might have to move to mars we should consider it as it may be our only option. Maybe two family’s will move to Mars to restart the population, probably Elon Musks and whoever else is wealthy enough to buy seats on the rocket or maybe by the time it has become necessary humans will have left earth because of advances in technology, like in Valerian: The city of a thousand planets. <div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqSvzbzHsznbzOevEHvOFOpVru6MkqH2Mc_Nx96ct7OetZSSpfaMZnrjPx5-CvL5rkYXQxwqN5iJdTNxDG4W_u4a7-Grmm2oqFvnFFEP808awHrxa9McYzP43GjEmoxbAaAR3XtNL7Zu7Gh0Lo-wvRIISIUMmRsvmv4TcWFblUtRnL11F4tHAGCdhY" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqSvzbzHsznbzOevEHvOFOpVru6MkqH2Mc_Nx96ct7OetZSSpfaMZnrjPx5-CvL5rkYXQxwqN5iJdTNxDG4W_u4a7-Grmm2oqFvnFFEP808awHrxa9McYzP43GjEmoxbAaAR3XtNL7Zu7Gh0Lo-wvRIISIUMmRsvmv4TcWFblUtRnL11F4tHAGCdhY" width="237" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Home Sweet Home</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>No one knows the future, maybe we will fix the planet, maybe we won’t, but either way we have to start doing something.I believe that we should do our best to fix earth as it is the planet we’ve been given and we shouldn’t try to run away from our problems. We would not be able to fix it completely but we can at least try. It’s our fault that we have to fix or leave earth and if we go to mars it will be inhospitable and we would just ruin that planet too. Even if we did move to mars it would be like that scene in Loki where the rich people are boarding a train to leave the planet as the moon is about to crash into it, and the poor are waiting in a cue yelling about their children, there would be no way to move the whole population and how would they decide who to move since they couldn’t? I believe that we should learn to adapt to the planet that we’ve been given, we should change as the planet changes. Otherwise the human population will not survive climate change. If the past generations had taken better care of the planet this wouldn’t be happening right now, if all humans had taken care of the planet then we wouldn’t have to think about questions like these. But we do. And since we might have to move to mars we should consider it as it may be our only option. Maybe two family’s will move to Mars to restart the population, probably Elon Musks and whoever else is wealthy enough to buy seats on the rocket or maybe by the time it has become necessary humans will have left earth because of advances in technology, like in Valerian: The city of a thousand planets. No one knows the future, maybe we will fix the planet, maybe we won’t, but either way we have to start doing something.</div><div><br /></div><div>Written by "O" aged 14 </div><div><br /></div><a href="https://southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_for_amazon.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment for Amazon Climate Pledge</a><div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div></div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-65185169206259912882022-09-09T05:50:00.001-07:002022-09-09T05:50:20.704-07:005 Things that People Regularly Buy that they Don’t Need.<h2 style="text-align: left;">5 Things that People Regularly Buy that they Don’t Need</h2><div>There are tons of things that we use everyday that we could avoid using. This will not only save us money, but also it is save the planet. Just stop buying things!</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcm9nLKuEnVLbbNoZNe3iBdE1XshU0oL7i4pzRphQH09ZMhdyXSPKIq3xMeRdmX0X2LgtEgOg_pEor2lrOsjeqR3vy6dIvwBgzjFTouLXolFIaKfx89dSfbe6SUMKeZMQV75p0eLmzh6KtLikDO9r1mkGfnfBCm7JAnL_vNKtP77tOknwVo3EP36en" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="653" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcm9nLKuEnVLbbNoZNe3iBdE1XshU0oL7i4pzRphQH09ZMhdyXSPKIq3xMeRdmX0X2LgtEgOg_pEor2lrOsjeqR3vy6dIvwBgzjFTouLXolFIaKfx89dSfbe6SUMKeZMQV75p0eLmzh6KtLikDO9r1mkGfnfBCm7JAnL_vNKtP77tOknwVo3EP36en" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>One thing that I have in my house usually is <b>wet-wipes</b>, these are really useful for cleaning windowsills and desks etc. but they are single use and bad for the environment, an alternative to using these, is a dish cloth which does the job the same way.</li><li>Another product which I use a lot is <b>cotton pads</b>, they are extremely useful for washing my our face and removing makeup but there is an alternative which works just as well and isn’t as bad for the environment; reusable cotton pads, they are like flannels but rounded and since I got some around last Christmas I have stopped using the single use cotton pads.</li><li>Another simple thing to go without is <b>plastic bottles</b>, as convenient as they may be when out and about, using a reusable water bottle is a lot better for the environment and some shops now have refilling stations for them. Similarly paper coffee cups can be avoided by taking a reusable cup with you.</li><li>Something which is surprisingly bad for the environment is <b>tea bags</b>, they are made out of plastic and using a teapot instead may take longer but is better for the planet. Some companies do make plastic free teabags as an alternative.</li><li>Something relatively simple to avoid is single use <b>plastic bags</b>, 300 million plastic bags every year end up in the Atlantic Ocean. It can be avoided very easily by using tote bags or any type of bag that is reusable to put shopping in. </li></ul><br />So you see, here are five of the hundreds of things we can go without, maybe next time you’re out getting a coffee and you see a reusable cup available to buy, buy it, and you can use it, then use it again, then use it again.<div><br /></div><div><a href="https://southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_for_amazon.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment for Amazon Climate Pledge</a></div><div><br /></div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-72165033785285429642022-06-29T02:18:00.000-07:002022-06-29T02:18:08.468-07:00The life and lies of Boris Johnson<iframe width="480" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/0p-Ta83V7iw" frameborder="0"></iframe>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-1760283852053319152022-06-20T03:14:00.001-07:002022-06-20T03:39:25.927-07:00Top 5 Environmental Movie Quotes <h2 style="text-align: left;">Top 5 Environmental Movie Quotes </h2><div>Below are my top 5 Environmental Movie Quotes: </div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Number 1 - Donald - Interstellar </h3><i>"When I was a kid, it seemed like they made something new every day. Some, gadget or idea, like every day was Christmas. But six billion people, just imagine that. And every last one of them trying to have it all."</i><div><i><br /></i></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicFfuiQWPzglQr5jLCDN4neHjdVIqdHruxlLkzY3KsvK5e7nOv_xUeO2dJ2MHqoxQLM3EDGPtJoCmb59ggMmB-OHlinXpA509toAyZpFOMT8b_7mfBIezEOYAl5DKwe-iSPgoQuN-KmkMsav6axPVbLyhxIdRh6aDswIUlRI4zeY4gnxmtP8G9edtL/s660/Interstellar%20Donald.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="660" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicFfuiQWPzglQr5jLCDN4neHjdVIqdHruxlLkzY3KsvK5e7nOv_xUeO2dJ2MHqoxQLM3EDGPtJoCmb59ggMmB-OHlinXpA509toAyZpFOMT8b_7mfBIezEOYAl5DKwe-iSPgoQuN-KmkMsav6axPVbLyhxIdRh6aDswIUlRI4zeY4gnxmtP8G9edtL/s320/Interstellar%20Donald.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">This for me is the single most thought provoking line, in any movie with regards to the Environment. The reason I found Donald's (pictured) line so profound is that it points out the insanity of our current consumerist habits. We are being gaslighted in to thinking, that we need new stuff and it will make a us happy, and in following this false doctrine we are destroying the planet. </div><h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Number 2 - Scientist vs Politician - The Day After Tomorrow </h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>Vice President Becker:<span face=""Ubuntu Condensed", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-size: 19px; font-style: italic; text-align: right;"> </span><i>"Our economy is every bit as <a href="https://www.moviequotes.com/topic/weakness/">fragile</a> as the environment. Perhaps you should keep that in mind before making sensationalist claims." </i></div><div><br /></div><div>Jack Hall: <i>"The last chunk of ice that broke off was about the size of the state of Rhode Island. Some people might call that pretty sensational.”</i><br /><i><br /></i><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtQ7cf7y84V7qyP0JQAo_x_3xN6GkBrGbgHwupKyA0V0H9q_de2pvllpFBby--2piEMpIimjQeCwa3BpngHDX6QfFTj-KYRDHmVTl22hTyapQMscEnzInlyPPdFHBJINjneG_h1VOJpcRX0Xx-yGvnI6Ln26ejwyzBdr7SytjPhtGj7gd135hS2TFK" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="720" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtQ7cf7y84V7qyP0JQAo_x_3xN6GkBrGbgHwupKyA0V0H9q_de2pvllpFBby--2piEMpIimjQeCwa3BpngHDX6QfFTj-KYRDHmVTl22hTyapQMscEnzInlyPPdFHBJINjneG_h1VOJpcRX0Xx-yGvnI6Ln26ejwyzBdr7SytjPhtGj7gd135hS2TFK" width="320" /></a></div><br />This brief exchange sums up the impasse that we have been at for year with regards to climate change. Polarised thinking, with no consideration of middle ground leaves scientists such as the character dennis quad (pictured) trying to justify facts, to politicians who often work in the realms of opinion. That fact that our current course, of global capitalism, and corporate governance is very unlikely to deliver the change we need, should be everyone's most pressing concern!</div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Number 3 - Freeman Lowel - Silent Running </h3><i><br />"There is no more beauty, and there's no more imagination. And there are no frontiers left to conquer"</i><div><br /></div><div> This quote is a bit depressing, but is it also realistic? We might consider hat we have conquered all frontiers here on earth. But this is not true. In quantum physics there are still a lot of discoveries and understanding to be made. </div></div><div><br /></div><div>But looking outward to the stars, and imagining (and they are just that) of us colonising other solar systems, the distances are so huge how will we get there? The distances a re so massive, that just to accelerate a human body up to sensible speed (in order to make trip in sensible stasis period) would probably kill it. So many unknowns. And all the while we degrade and destroy our only habitable planet. </div><div><br /></div><div>Number 4 - Marco Lambertini - A Plastic Ocean </div><div><br /></div><i>“Not only are plastics polluting our oceans and waterways and killing marine life – it's in all of us and we can't escape consuming plastics.”</i><div><br /></div><div>In this documentary film, we see the breadth and depth of damage done by humanities reliance on plastics. It is not that plastics are a problem in themselves, but our mistreatment of them them after we have used them is a big problem. </div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-57611385128761094202022-02-10T01:28:00.002-08:002022-02-10T01:28:30.079-08:00Does California have the most environmentally friendly Cars?<h2 style="text-align: left;">Does California have the most Environmentally Friendly Cars?</h2><p>Having visited LA a few years ago, the first thing that struck me was how unnecessarily large, and overpowered most of the vehicles were.</p><p>On that basis alone, I would say no. Japanese or European Cars (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal">if telling truth</a>!) will have lower emissions! </p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Air Quality - 25% better than Europe, but worse than Japan.</b></h3><p>Whilst we still try and measure end of pipe emissions, most environmental measure also considers the . . . environment. We measure quality of the air, California is no exception. </p><p>California aims to maintain an Average Annual <a href="https://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/environmental_impact_assessment/air_quality_climate_impact_assessment.html">Air Quality </a>of 0.03ppm, or 30ug/m3. This is better than the European Air Quality Objective, set at 40ug/m3. </p><p>Japan have a Hourly Average Air Quality Objective set at 0.04 - 0.06ppm. This will result in annual average far lower than those found in california. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Efficiency</h3><p>The wider use of diesel cars in Europe is not great. They produce a lot more pollution. Many smaller diesel cars will easily get 50 - 60 miles to the gallon, which would meet the <b>Corporate Average Fuel Economy</b> (<b>CAFE</b>) standards of 54.5 miles to the gallon. Despite giving off very high NOx, and PArticulate Emissions. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Emission Control </h3><p>So let us compare actual emissions standards, I will compare two countries:</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Japan</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsCW7v05VoPML8FkKZSjy7-nYxf4LtbZfshrkQ9wEbXtYSL-rcScEGr2M_B0JZsQ-kWy5LJLsEqcOg8dVgY2F9BcDoE6DSX4TtIcT360NGVfmlp4wEU_MKYuZf1gGiUxlqWRGrdVIUj6ngGSHvAHh6a5CXMSiZOGmO7Vh5lqcekOwuXNcRrhBsilQX=s1025" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="1025" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsCW7v05VoPML8FkKZSjy7-nYxf4LtbZfshrkQ9wEbXtYSL-rcScEGr2M_B0JZsQ-kWy5LJLsEqcOg8dVgY2F9BcDoE6DSX4TtIcT360NGVfmlp4wEU_MKYuZf1gGiUxlqWRGrdVIUj6ngGSHvAHh6a5CXMSiZOGmO7Vh5lqcekOwuXNcRrhBsilQX=w640-h434" width="640" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">California</h4><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgkl0XSUSeJ8sBwi_FRfsoFezDWggcGWW7qrpek6794xwD4Zldm-316MuX78MFAkoXszpHZz7B76nd0xjp5hz6zV6SqgWMJ_LxximxJxU3jzC_HI7_iLh9bdWr-_ZenS5mxaq1NmDab8r0wR0iueNcEmFX3CvNB0EWdN_3nlODGwlRq-jhzoDUzoWWC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgkl0XSUSeJ8sBwi_FRfsoFezDWggcGWW7qrpek6794xwD4Zldm-316MuX78MFAkoXszpHZz7B76nd0xjp5hz6zV6SqgWMJ_LxximxJxU3jzC_HI7_iLh9bdWr-_ZenS5mxaq1NmDab8r0wR0iueNcEmFX3CvNB0EWdN_3nlODGwlRq-jhzoDUzoWWC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7_HaAHPKfDCK_DeJqLWm3lpFZCHlk3TIEzoycAVY-uXxNv94sUvG09pTwLKDyc2uv41gkuYNgFv87gNXchiWp44SdqPXVAnXeybJ4bF3PH6EntkTUPsOAMMEDfWemcn8YsNKrT247km3BefkFDwAABG9iAdPJrIFV5vCJRWopz-lgHtjJ1pjclAO5" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="1034" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7_HaAHPKfDCK_DeJqLWm3lpFZCHlk3TIEzoycAVY-uXxNv94sUvG09pTwLKDyc2uv41gkuYNgFv87gNXchiWp44SdqPXVAnXeybJ4bF3PH6EntkTUPsOAMMEDfWemcn8YsNKrT247km3BefkFDwAABG9iAdPJrIFV5vCJRWopz-lgHtjJ1pjclAO5=w640-h150" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Europe </h4><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifLuKjNAFYPfThXsNLBa450MBq6WEhux0UPK87ukgWCZuPxHQTjNYFv-eZNMjjrk_YznWqjOIVEZJxe6wsmSLbE9stGlCVP-RGuRHtDy3b7J_YE99AZYAx54hFH3huVwwKe5ohNkELt06svbgZD4q5DuQn7Wc_CDMY1h4lSO2kuCPhuODlm3lPjK9Z" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="1041" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifLuKjNAFYPfThXsNLBa450MBq6WEhux0UPK87ukgWCZuPxHQTjNYFv-eZNMjjrk_YznWqjOIVEZJxe6wsmSLbE9stGlCVP-RGuRHtDy3b7J_YE99AZYAx54hFH3huVwwKe5ohNkELt06svbgZD4q5DuQn7Wc_CDMY1h4lSO2kuCPhuODlm3lPjK9Z=w640-h442" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p>Now there is a lot to go through in these tables, the units are all different as are the substances measured. But dwelling on NOX:<p></p><p>California has a NOx limit of 0.05 grams per mile, or 0.03 grams per kilometer </p><p>European Cars have a NOx limit of 0.06 grams per kilometer </p><p>Japanese cars have a NOx limit of 0.05 grams per kilometer </p><p><a href="https://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_assessment_consultants.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment Consultants </a></p><p><a href="https://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/eco_labels/environmental_claims_consultants.html" target="_blank">Environmental Claims Consultant </a></p><p><br /><br /></p>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-43036277913979219232021-12-17T07:45:00.002-08:002021-12-17T07:45:15.292-08:00Climate Change Offset & Obstacles - Notes <p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Intro<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We know what the problem is, we know how big it is, and how
to stop it. This includes companies and their directors. Looks at news . . .
could it be any clearer. So why no rapid action?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">'comparing financial
incentives to environmental issues', <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Carbon Offsetting<o:p></o:p></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">EU Benchmark Price 71 euros (£60). <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Brazilian REDD+ $10 (£8). <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Terrible Scheme such as capping of well, or CFC destruction.
£2. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Example: Shop fitters. 138 tons (Scope 1 and 2) costs from
£8200 to £250.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Farmers: 500 tons ha, = £7500 – less certification costs
(subsidy for planting) <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">'how does ease of
implementation encourage or discourage sustainable action?' <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Word on knock-ons: Solar (easy): BUT roof replacement,
structural engineer,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>'is there any structure to a report that can
create a more persuasive argument?'<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">People will read a report or not read it. You should
highlight cost savings ahead of carbon savings, or other benefits e.g.
biodiversity gains.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Summary <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The problem is well defined, and measured. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The company’s main objective is to make profit.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Consider real world Practicalities<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Gauge you client, are they a front runner (keen) or are they
just following crowd, regulatory minima. You may need to adjust your MO, on
that basis.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What will work.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Carbon Tax. £75 per tonne. Cheese 14kg / kg. 7.5p - £1. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CEOs<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What will get you voted out at SEO, failing to make a profit
or failing to progress climate action. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-84495539267439758482021-10-06T08:24:00.002-07:002021-10-06T08:24:40.851-07:00Climate Change Notes on Boris's Speech - 06/10/2021<h2 style="text-align: left;">Climate Change Content Boris's Party Conference Speech on the 6th October 2021</h2><p style="text-align: left;">Below are a few notes notes of Boris's party conference speech, where he discusses topics related to climate change. </p><p style="text-align: left;">It's slim pickings, as you might expect from a party who regularly shout about "their" targets and commitments to zero carbon, whilst doing very little to augment change outside the change that is automatically delivered by economic forces. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Protesters</h3><p style="text-align: left;">In reference to Insulate Britain Protesters and their M25 protest. He dubs them a nuisance and that they should be placed in "well-insulated" police cells. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Comments: Cringe worthy. If Boris had been shown to act meaningfully on climate change, then these protests would not be happening. Does he imagine that members of the public enjoy sitting in roads, being abused by drivers, and with criminal records earned from their activities, damage their employability. The suffragettes, remember them? They had no choice but to protest, it is the same with this new wave of suffragettes. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><b>Hydrogen Buses</b></p><p style="text-align: left;">"Some" Buses will run on hydrogen. This is a clean air initiative, and may well be more carbon intensive that using diesel. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Rewilding</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Boris makes reference to the rewilding of Britain with a figure 30% of land area, and 10's of millions of trees. Beavers reintroduced to certain areas. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Comments: This will only happen if it is made economically possible. New farm subsidy replacement ELMs may offer some routes for farmers to rewild, but it will not happen quickly enough to make a meaningful contribution towards climate change. Trees only meaningfully begin to remove carbon 5 years after they have been planted, and it takes 10 to 15 years for them to get up to speed. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">COP</h3><p style="text-align: left;"><i>"Can we keep alive the ambition of paris, to stop the planet heating by more than 1.5 degrees. The government cant do it alone, and taxpayers certainly can't do it alone, the other day I took a boat out in to the Moray Firth to sea this aquatic forest of turbines towering over water like redwoods of california."</i></p><p style="text-align: left;">Comments: This reference to wind energy is run for around 2 minutes, and then Bris flips back to perceived successes of vaccine roll out. Wind now makes up about 25% of UK grid energy (3.4% for Solar). The reason we have 25% wind is economic it is the cheapest form of generation capacity. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://southwest-environmental.co.uk/" target="_blank">Environmental Consultants Bristol </a></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0United Kingdom55.378051 -3.43597327.067817163821154 -38.592223 83.688284836178838 31.720277tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-35305345199387221162021-05-12T01:30:00.003-07:002021-05-12T01:30:46.675-07:00Climate Impact of Clicking Cookie Preferences<h2 style="text-align: left;">Climate Impact of Clicking Cookie Preferences</h2><h3 style="text-align: left;">Annoying and Bad for the Planet</h3><p>It is very annoying having to click on Cookie Preferences nags for every website you visit. And it this pointless exercise is also killing the planet, releasing approximately 18,000 tons of CO2 to atmosphere every year, in the UK alone. </p><p>Every interaction with you smart gadget, or PC or Macintosh, uses energy. At present a percentage of that energy comes from fossil fuel. </p><p>Every time you select you cookie preferences, this triggers a series of operations to be run on a server somewhere in the "cloud", using energy as it does so. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Estimating Climate Change Impact of GDPR</h3><p>GDPR is a piece of legislation that was passed to protect users data. However, in practice this means 99% of website just ask our permission (the cookie preferences clicking thing) and then take our data anyway. </p><p>If you go to advanced options and select preferences individual it would more than double the amount of time to took to search things on the internet. </p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Text Messages Example</h4><p>Now to send a text message, which is a fairly basic text based interaction over a network, the carbon equivalent footprint is 0.014gCO2e. Not a huge amount but on an annual global basis this means the the carbon footprint of text messages is 32,000 tonnes/CO2e.</p><p>32,000 tonnes/CO2e would cover all emissions for 2600 UK citizens, that foods, travel, heating, purchases etc. so no small amount. </p><h4 style="text-align: left;">How Many Clicks </h4><div>There are<a href="https://hostreviews.co.uk/google-statistics-uk/#:~:text=On%20average%2C%20the%20number%20Google,3.5%20billion%20searches%20per%20day." target="_blank"> 3.5 billion search </a>queries every day in UK. If each of these simple text based interactions have the same carbon footprint as a text message (which is quite likely). Then we are release 49 tons of carbon dioxide a day, that is approx <b>18,000 tons of CO2e</b> a year released to atmosphere.</div><div><br /></div><div>If we consider that most of the time these interacct allow website owners to then go on and use our data how they see fit, rather then actually protecting us, I would suggest this is a colossal waste of carbon, which we badly need to stop emitting. </div><div><br /></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Ideas</h2><div>Thanks to GDPR we now have to opt in by default, so that big data can hoover up our tasty information. This means we have to click to opt in on nearly every website we visit. Perhaps we should opt out instead. </div><div><br /></div><div>Some website it is useful to have cookies "recognise you" oin your return. Internet banking for example, on these sites there could be a button (on the page not on a pop up) saying "click here to enable cookies". That way 90% of these pointless interactions would be immediately erased. Saving 10's of thousands of tonnes of CO2 in the UK alone. </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/sustainability_consultants/carbon_consultants.html" target="_blank">Carbon Footprint Consultants </a></div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-29963571739885552782021-03-26T03:11:00.003-07:002021-03-26T03:11:32.492-07:00A Talk on Single Use PlasticsQuestion: <div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">I have to do a talk
on single use plastics in two ten minute sessions, I was wondering if you could
email me some info on the harm they do to the environment, what can be done to
limit or stamp out their use?</span><br /><div><br /></div><div><br />Answer: <br /><br /><div><br /></div><div>We have recently published this website: <a href="https://www.ocean-plastic-gifts.uk/home">https://www.ocean-plastic-gifts.uk/home</a> <br /><br /> <br /><br />It is all about plastics in the environment. The sheer volume of plastic created to feed human’s demand for single use plastic is very problematic. <br /><br /> <br /><br />I am sure you have seen pictures of bottles and face masks washed up on beaches in tropical places, or polar regions, plastic gets everywhere. . . . <br /><br /> <br /><br />BUT my main concern is that as plastics break down in to <a href="https://www.ocean-plastic-gifts.uk/the-plastic">tiny tiny bits</a>, they get mixed in with water and soils, and will be almost impossible to remove. <br /><br /> <br /><br />It is bad enough that <a href="https://www.ocean-plastic-gifts.uk/the-plastic/trash-to-table">sea food, and vegetables now contain plastic</a>, but the plastics theme selves also have nasty chemicals in them, that poison plants and animals. <br /><br /> <br /><br />If you are familiar with <a href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pcbs.html">PCBs</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT#:~:text=DDT%20is%20a%20persistent%20organic,sources%20of%20exposure%20affecting%20organisms.&text=DDT%20is%20toxic%20to%20a,and%20many%20species%20of%20fish.">DDT</a>, then you will know that persistent chemicals (such as <a href="https://www.ocean-plastic-gifts.uk/the-plastic/phthalates">phthalates</a> in plastic) in the environment, “<a href="https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Bioaccumulative__Persistent_Chemicals_FINAL_354016_7.pdf">bio-accumulate</a>” up the food chain and cause all sorts of horrible problems. <br /><br /> <br /><br />The problem with stamping out single use plastic, is that quite often removal of their use has a knock on effect elsewhere. <br /><br /> <br /><br />Example 1 : If we swapped from plastic carrier bags, to paper ones, where would the wood pulp come from? Even if just 2% of wood pulp came from unsustainable sources, then owing to the amount of bags needed (millions per day) a lot of trees would need to be chopped down. Trees that are currently sucking up CO2, and help out with climate change. <br /><br /> <br /><br />Example 2: A cucumber goes rotten very quickly. To make them last longer they shrink wrap them. To grow a cucumber might take 100g CO2, and to wrap it a further 10g CO2. If you don’t wrap them and more than 10% goes rotten, then your avoidance of plastic is causing a climate change. <br /><br /> <br /><br />I think the demand for single use plastic is driven my human’s “I want everything right now” attitude. Perhaps not eat cucumbers in the winter. Perhaps wait until you get home to have a drink of water (not buy a bottle). <br /><br /> <br /><br />Single use plastic is also linked strongly to human’s desire for safety and hygiene. Why do we not drink from water fountains anymore? Why do we buy a bottle of water instead. Why do hospitals use single use surgical plastics, and not wash and reuse equipment like the olden days? <br /><br /><br />In the extreme: Perhaps let a few more people die from disease instead of making 100’s billions of single use plastic masks . . . . tough choices, that go against the very grain of ethics and consumer choice. </div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.ocean-plastic-gifts.uk/">Ocean Plastic Gifts </a></div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-3003768387132983212020-10-16T03:15:00.001-07:002020-10-16T03:15:17.823-07:00What are Urons?I was reading a tech manual today, and came across the chemical group called "Urons".<br /><br />What are Urons?<br /><br />Urons is an abbreviations of Phenyl<b>urea</b> herbicides: <div><br /></div><div><i>"Substituted phenylurea herbicides are a group of pesticides used for general weed control in agricultural and nonagricultural practices – for example, along railroads, utilities' rights-of-way, and in industrial areas."</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Boom. </i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/flood%20risk%20assessment%20FRA.html" style="background-color: white; color: #33aaff; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;" target="_blank">Flood Risk Assessment London</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"> </span></div>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-20806954265620329962020-09-11T02:28:00.006-07:002020-10-26T10:14:55.844-07:00Waste Plastic on Western Scottish Beaches <p>In 2002 my wife an I went to New Zealand, we walked all over those lovely islands, and really enjoyed the wilderness beaches in particular. </p><p>We cant afford to fly our family to New Zealand, but we can drive the Scotland, which is quite a good proxy. </p><p>The Western Isles regions is quite wild, and despite presence of fishing farms and land based farms, does feel quite wilderness. </p><p>Out family hikes along the cost were somewhat blemished by the presence of plastic waste on beaches. </p><p>From the look of it, a great deal of the waste comes from the fishing industry, with only a small percentage coming from domestic sources, and even that may come from boats!</p><p>Not pictured, were some very large sections of black plastic tubing with welded joints, perhaps used to form a floating ring at the top of salmon nets. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDC_m85YKxs/X1tA5LYUD4I/AAAAAAAAHA4/FRIx0yZvh_k1tbiQpDTGlFpFQhSEueOUACLcBGAsYHQ/s617/plastic%2Bon%2Bwest%2B%2Bscottish%2Bbeaches%2B.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="617" height="381" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDC_m85YKxs/X1tA5LYUD4I/AAAAAAAAHA4/FRIx0yZvh_k1tbiQpDTGlFpFQhSEueOUACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h381/plastic%2Bon%2Bwest%2B%2Bscottish%2Bbeaches%2B.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p>Our walk took us South of Loch Beag, to Loch Fyne and then Eastward back to our pad. Please find below photos, and captions:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vqJ6oLbnV_4/X1s_5NUGI6I/AAAAAAAAG_8/H-myoX21asgqt_XOu4TCNneWTnfFHIvjACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2018.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vqJ6oLbnV_4/X1s_5NUGI6I/AAAAAAAAG_8/H-myoX21asgqt_XOu4TCNneWTnfFHIvjACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/IMG_2018.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Lid from a pallet crate.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lDFUSMBC_K8/X1s_5QwPq5I/AAAAAAAAHAA/wv9RUtOOhrgIJrxgeBzUdl3knRp8vSorACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2019.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="500" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lDFUSMBC_K8/X1s_5QwPq5I/AAAAAAAAHAA/wv9RUtOOhrgIJrxgeBzUdl3knRp8vSorACLcBGAsYHQ/w375-h500/IMG_2019.JPG" width="375" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Tank of some sort, punctured as bracken growing through it. </div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PyMKIKBcvlU/X1s_5JewzvI/AAAAAAAAG_4/V-8yaV6mJXwvwz0I0KH5WSlL-XiMKzknACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2020.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="500" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PyMKIKBcvlU/X1s_5JewzvI/AAAAAAAAG_4/V-8yaV6mJXwvwz0I0KH5WSlL-XiMKzknACLcBGAsYHQ/w375-h500/IMG_2020.JPG" width="375" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Small item plastic milk bottle. </div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KNyuCRz2_xQ/X1s_6Q1mXaI/AAAAAAAAHAE/Xeu7vdQ6nGoriAypEbcI7guyJ7J2_xtEwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2021.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="500" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KNyuCRz2_xQ/X1s_6Q1mXaI/AAAAAAAAHAE/Xeu7vdQ6nGoriAypEbcI7guyJ7J2_xtEwCLcBGAsYHQ/w375-h500/IMG_2021.JPG" width="375" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Tide Line - Ropes and Assorted Small Plastic Items </div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WerDOPxfl3Y/X1s_61hL2MI/AAAAAAAAHAM/Ee6lYnX6o4wnqy6kU7y5MBYHRjmJYGMfQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="375" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WerDOPxfl3Y/X1s_61hL2MI/AAAAAAAAHAM/Ee6lYnX6o4wnqy6kU7y5MBYHRjmJYGMfQCLcBGAsYHQ/w500-h375/IMG_2023.JPG" width="500" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Functional Buoy. </div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jzi0_FnCzYU/X1s_7Lc0CUI/AAAAAAAAHAQ/gIPX-KyEWSAbxK8XJQHG3P09NcXwIjIxgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2024.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="375" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jzi0_FnCzYU/X1s_7Lc0CUI/AAAAAAAAHAQ/gIPX-KyEWSAbxK8XJQHG3P09NcXwIjIxgCLcBGAsYHQ/w500-h375/IMG_2024.JPG" width="500" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Plastic Crates, Nylon Rope</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n5cAEdRO_jw/X1s_7rYqp8I/AAAAAAAAHAU/s2r_toS_M5EL242pi0kASEJ8o8sQ5BDMACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2025.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="375" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n5cAEdRO_jw/X1s_7rYqp8I/AAAAAAAAHAU/s2r_toS_M5EL242pi0kASEJ8o8sQ5BDMACLcBGAsYHQ/w500-h375/IMG_2025.JPG" width="500" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">25 Litre container.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3x_e1c8plRU/X1s_70NwSdI/AAAAAAAAHAY/eiHrZIj0fVEY8lcagDCQy4IsmHziPjj5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2026.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1497" data-original-width="2048" height="366" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3x_e1c8plRU/X1s_70NwSdI/AAAAAAAAHAY/eiHrZIj0fVEY8lcagDCQy4IsmHziPjj5QCLcBGAsYHQ/w500-h366/IMG_2026.JPG" width="500" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Plastic Crates</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x5lAQw3CyGo/X1s_8xgwQaI/AAAAAAAAHAc/ax3YPh-P6rM8X8qnM5m8cw4cv4B2GvVCQCLcBGAsYHQ/s3079/IMG_2027.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1021" data-original-width="3079" height="208" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x5lAQw3CyGo/X1s_8xgwQaI/AAAAAAAAHAc/ax3YPh-P6rM8X8qnM5m8cw4cv4B2GvVCQCLcBGAsYHQ/w625-h208/IMG_2027.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Panorama Showing Various Detritus </div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N1QTWsJd7a0/X1s_9OTG89I/AAAAAAAAHAg/EJoPSaRzXlMmlBAAKiXnWU6uudSCLt6MgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_2028.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="469" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N1QTWsJd7a0/X1s_9OTG89I/AAAAAAAAHAg/EJoPSaRzXlMmlBAAKiXnWU6uudSCLt6MgCLcBGAsYHQ/w625-h469/IMG_2028.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Many Small Items Mixed with Soil </div><br /><p>So all this junk, got me thinking about what sort of shape beaches in New Zealand must be in? Not this bad I hope. . . .</p><p><a href="https://southwest-environmental.co.uk/projects/ocean_plastic_gifts.html" target="_blank">Ocean Plastic Gifts</a></p><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">Scientific Web Content</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">Flood Risk Assessment London</a> <p><br /></p>Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0Ardfern, UK56.18136 -5.538355927.871126163821152 -40.6946059 84.491593836178851 29.6178941tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-78865200125278776262020-05-05T01:36:00.002-07:002020-05-05T01:36:16.167-07:00Graffiti on Buildings - From Google Street View<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Graffiti on Buildings - From Google Street View</h2>
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Hi. Please click on blue links to visit site of graffiti / street art.</div>
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<a href="https://goo.gl/maps/QMMztJ1ysLGg1ahg7" target="_blank">Turku, Southwest Finland </a><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KM0G7JL_MRw/XrElRJbO-hI/AAAAAAAAGtE/fPbV1l3dLHATGD1Jcb_myG-nKnnrtIHIQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/7%2BVallgravsgatan%2B-%2BGoogle%2BMaps%2B-%2BGoogle%2BChrome_2020-05-05_09-32-55.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="649" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KM0G7JL_MRw/XrElRJbO-hI/AAAAAAAAGtE/fPbV1l3dLHATGD1Jcb_myG-nKnnrtIHIQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/7%2BVallgravsgatan%2B-%2BGoogle%2BMaps%2B-%2BGoogle%2BChrome_2020-05-05_09-32-55.png" width="632" /></a></div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-28608309041883522152020-01-14T13:04:00.003-08:002020-01-14T13:04:57.386-08:00Carbon Storage in Soils<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Carbon Storage in Soils</h2>
<br />
Below table is taken from <a href="https://www.blogger.com/Carbon%20storage%20by%20habitat:%20Review%20of%20the%20evidence%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20management%20decisions%20and%20condition%20of%20carbon%20stores%20and%20sources" target="_blank">Carbon storage by habitat:Review of the evidence of theimpacts of managementdecisions and condition ofcarbon stores and sources</a>.<br />
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 64px;"><tbody>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15.0pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15.0pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/1438141 </td></tr>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XQG9Y7jq15g/Xh4sHAUqnDI/AAAAAAAAGSM/ny5AlFuWgxM2gypxgGg7wfx06tNVzl-qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/NERR043_edition_1%2B%25281%2529.pdf%2B-%2BGoogle%2BChrome_2020-01-14_20-59-44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="335" data-original-width="688" height="310" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XQG9Y7jq15g/Xh4sHAUqnDI/AAAAAAAAGSM/ny5AlFuWgxM2gypxgGg7wfx06tNVzl-qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/NERR043_edition_1%2B%25281%2529.pdf%2B-%2BGoogle%2BChrome_2020-01-14_20-59-44.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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It shows the carbon storage potential for various soils (based on habitats). As you can see some grasslands hold more carbon in the SOILS than woodlands. However this table shows soil storage and plant storage. </div>
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<a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_assessment_consultants.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment Consultants </a></div>
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Table Text (For Google)</div>
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Habitats Carbon stock in soils
(t Cha-1
)
Carbon stock in vegetation
(t Cha-1
)
Dwarf shrub Heath 88 2
Acid grassland 87 1
Fen, mash and swamp 76 ?
Bog 74 2
Coniferous woodland 70 70
Broad leaf, mixed & yew woodland 63 70
Neutral grassland 60 1
Improved grasslands 59 1
Arable and horticulture 43 1
Coastal margins (UK) 48 ? </div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-89215871885082757222020-01-14T00:52:00.001-08:002020-09-11T02:08:03.753-07:00Woodpecker Damage - Electricity Pole or Telegraph Pole<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Woodpecker Damage - Electricity Pole or Telegraph Pole</h2>
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Woodpeckers can and do damage wooden transmission posts such as Electricity and Telegraph Poles. <br />
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There are over t<a href="https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/woodpecker-family/" target="_blank">wo hundred species of woodpecker</a> and two species of wrynecks worldwide. Of these, three species of woodpecker and one species of wryneck are found in the UK.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VLKjR4ViPVI/Xh2A4rRBNHI/AAAAAAAAGRY/DA9YhHL8AiIruzx0b4d8StSiN6YY9i88QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/green-woodpecker_male_1200x675.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="768" height="205" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VLKjR4ViPVI/Xh2A4rRBNHI/AAAAAAAAGRY/DA9YhHL8AiIruzx0b4d8StSiN6YY9i88QCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/green-woodpecker_male_1200x675.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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These birds cause damage to Electricity and Telegraph Poles. Just as they would with a tree trunk they use their powerful beaks to make holes. </div>
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A hole filler can be used to effect a repair. This solution repairs woodpecker damaged poles by using a filler. Used correctly it strengthens the
damaged pole, avoids expensive replacements and reduces the chances of rot developing as a
consequence of the holes. This solution can only be applied in certain scenarios based on the number,
extent and distance between holes.
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<br />
This method not only help reduce work in replacing poles, but also reduces contempt for the birds as their impact is lessened proportionally.<br />
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<a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_assessment_consultants.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment Consultants </a></div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-56059849983757388862019-12-11T02:49:00.002-08:002019-12-11T02:53:40.300-08:00Rolling Apples GIF<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Rolling Apples GIF<br />
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Badly done GIF of Apples rolling across table. I was trying to describe"upset the apple cart" in a picture. . . didn't work very well !<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mZ3OQYfQDts/XfDJUkjViFI/AAAAAAAAGPY/o1Ky7hqHqXEdY1ohsucCB2lsAwFhEwEegCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/area.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="1236" height="222" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mZ3OQYfQDts/XfDJUkjViFI/AAAAAAAAGPY/o1Ky7hqHqXEdY1ohsucCB2lsAwFhEwEegCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/area.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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Ah just found online convertor that did a better job. File size is larger though. . .<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CtbQZXIuzUg/XfDKlu3r2uI/AAAAAAAAGPg/29RyZsLWgoAauOiEZOBKgQkAqg8HSUKuACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/rolling_apples_GIF.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CtbQZXIuzUg/XfDKlu3r2uI/AAAAAAAAGPg/29RyZsLWgoAauOiEZOBKgQkAqg8HSUKuACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/rolling_apples_GIF.gif" width="223" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/life_cycle_assessment/life_cycle_assessment_consultants.html" target="_blank">Life Cycle Assessment </a></div>
Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-11147675946159885302019-11-12T01:46:00.003-08:002019-11-12T01:46:52.236-08:00CSS Font Style not Showing on IOS mobile device. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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CSS Font Style not Showing on IOS mobile device. </h2>
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Recently I have noticed that when I view my website on an IOS mobile device using either safari or firefox, that the font defaults to a standard font (times / times new roman) rather then the font in my CSS which is Arial.<br />
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I have seen many apparent solutions to this problem on countless forums, but lucky for you the solution is easy as pie.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;">a</span>rial not <span style="color: red;">A</span>rial</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Simply remove the capital letter from the font name in you CSS: </span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GbSfhZ_4hwk/Xcp_GWfhK-I/AAAAAAAAGJw/zn7YveePgbgwAd5nWwjZzXxwGOkn8BbzgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IOS_font_CSS_not_working.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GbSfhZ_4hwk/Xcp_GWfhK-I/AAAAAAAAGJw/zn7YveePgbgwAd5nWwjZzXxwGOkn8BbzgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IOS_font_CSS_not_working.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">And all will be well. . . . happy someday! Thorpy. </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/default.html">Environmental Consultants</a><br />
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<span style="color: green;"><span class="style12"><a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/flood%20risk%20assessment%20FRA.html">Flood Risk Reports</a></span></span></div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-90177938351574476752019-11-05T03:09:00.001-08:002019-11-05T03:09:28.734-08:00Coffe GIFs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Here within a collection of Coffee related GIFs:<br />
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Below from scene in futurama where Fry drinks 100 cups of coffee. <br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dpT3z4ZTCIg/XcFXMCe_1fI/AAAAAAAAGJI/RMScFDb2-9o8oHPnTEkemki-NSHvYEooQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/coffee%2B2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="492" data-original-width="752" height="260" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dpT3z4ZTCIg/XcFXMCe_1fI/AAAAAAAAGJI/RMScFDb2-9o8oHPnTEkemki-NSHvYEooQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/coffee%2B2.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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More to come soon.</div>
Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-17013170352604313152019-09-17T00:48:00.001-07:002023-10-12T06:13:33.247-07:00Graffiti in Bristol <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Graffiti in Bristol </h3>
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I do a lot of work in Bristol and now ans again I come across some lovely graffiti, which I have shared with you here, it is a work in progress I will post more as I find them. All images are from Google Street View.<br />
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171 Hotwells Road</h3>
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"Bristol Food" this reminds me of the Mint Sauce Cartoons, painted by Joe Burt in a magazine from my youth. Love this one. <br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3A5NcP9bUw0/XYCKrYAqNzI/AAAAAAAAF9Q/Gv2ieZW0VGMh14YVS1BA33GBLFscmh8AQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/bristol%2Bgraffiti.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="1003" height="288" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3A5NcP9bUw0/XYCKrYAqNzI/AAAAAAAAF9Q/Gv2ieZW0VGMh14YVS1BA33GBLFscmh8AQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/bristol%2Bgraffiti.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://goo.gl/maps/WcgfUxqYeETTPPjy5" target="_blank">Eugene Street</a></h3>
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Some run of the mill stuff in an industrial area.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2TIzjS6MdRQ/XYCLtDP0-rI/AAAAAAAAF9Y/TAT4W3Wc3NMumHY5dUuBAKumHvQQQrrDACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Eugene%2BSt%2B-%2BGoogle%2BMaps%2B-%2BMozilla%2BFirefox_2019-09-17_08-30-04.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="944" height="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2TIzjS6MdRQ/XYCLtDP0-rI/AAAAAAAAF9Y/TAT4W3Wc3NMumHY5dUuBAKumHvQQQrrDACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Eugene%2BSt%2B-%2BGoogle%2BMaps%2B-%2BMozilla%2BFirefox_2019-09-17_08-30-04.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://goo.gl/maps/vDHiehxGyuqMVNF19" target="_blank">The Duke of York Pub - Conduit Place</a></h3>
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Far out! (Yes I was born in the 80's.)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mKs9Wo24qsA/XYCNET1zdPI/AAAAAAAAF9k/33cea8odMvcsmR7KmbjfyyMlRpYYc0uKwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Conduit%2BPlace%252C%2BDuke%2Bof%2BYork%2BBristol.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="838" data-original-width="905" height="370" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mKs9Wo24qsA/XYCNET1zdPI/AAAAAAAAF9k/33cea8odMvcsmR7KmbjfyyMlRpYYc0uKwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Conduit%2BPlace%252C%2BDuke%2Bof%2BYork%2BBristol.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://goo.gl/maps/6j2VDWfSNjby3W647" target="_blank">Banksy - Girl with Pierced Ear Drum - Bristol Marina</a></h3>
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Others such as <a href="https://visitbristol.co.uk/things-to-do/banksy-walking-tour-p1354013" target="_blank">Visit Bristol </a>have done a great job of marking all things Banksy, so I will stop at the one picture. </div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0MCQfJCb7eA/XYCPOtsMgbI/AAAAAAAAF9w/uQZrqKxwthIpuAPSk-dbX23FOwkUK4l8wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Girl%2Bwith%2BPierced%2BEar%2BDrum%2BBristol.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="594" data-original-width="709" height="335" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0MCQfJCb7eA/XYCPOtsMgbI/AAAAAAAAF9w/uQZrqKxwthIpuAPSk-dbX23FOwkUK4l8wCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Girl%2Bwith%2BPierced%2BEar%2BDrum%2BBristol.png" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Marcruss Outdoors Hotwell Road </h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmzpGhsCzUCsEz9QT-a7QPRlhYonEVXt9q-9BIHxvKI29hhQNLqV2I__-Nm07DvNC5N5tJjoRYyN9-vODnIzXFNg_LpfVf9PNIp70gNTcm4EWIpZZGAMKQfHgX15-7erpKGM_Ur152CobbRltX5g-7j_snkvWVg9epF0jt_zUbcX93lML_OS4dG7iHC3g" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="557" data-original-width="433" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmzpGhsCzUCsEz9QT-a7QPRlhYonEVXt9q-9BIHxvKI29hhQNLqV2I__-Nm07DvNC5N5tJjoRYyN9-vODnIzXFNg_LpfVf9PNIp70gNTcm4EWIpZZGAMKQfHgX15-7erpKGM_Ur152CobbRltX5g-7j_snkvWVg9epF0jt_zUbcX93lML_OS4dG7iHC3g=w312-h400" width="312" /></a></div><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/flood%20risk%20assessment%20FRA.html" target="_blank">Flood Risk Assessment Bristol</a> </div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0Bristol, UK51.454513 -2.587909999999965351.296248 -2.9106334999999652 51.612778 -2.2651864999999654tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-55402352223822653472019-09-09T11:22:00.000-07:002019-09-17T00:49:36.282-07:00Animal Tracks Visible from Space<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The below image struck me as rather spectacular as it shows cool
patterns decided upon by animals as they walk in to a field. The pattern
kind if reminded me of nerve / synapses that you see in a picture of a
brain. <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/BY1qzCDhFqHT8HQKA" target="_blank">Image location</a>: https://goo.gl/maps/BY1qzCDhFqHT8HQKA <br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Lc3VFJB1zAs/XXaWgfoUG4I/AAAAAAAAF8c/ZKHJUcG07KIvkc_a6ZudGIyQoxTk08HegCLcBGAs/s1600/satallite_animal_tracks.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="833" data-original-width="1090" height="305" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Lc3VFJB1zAs/XXaWgfoUG4I/AAAAAAAAF8c/ZKHJUcG07KIvkc_a6ZudGIyQoxTk08HegCLcBGAs/s400/satallite_animal_tracks.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Again animal tracks in Nairobi national park. <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/NtY2Fdd3VYov1Ufv8" target="_blank">Image location</a>: https://goo.gl/maps/NtY2Fdd3VYov1Ufv8, are these animal tracks leading to a watering hole?<br />
<br />
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-19918752617374304992019-08-10T08:48:00.001-07:002023-01-13T00:56:20.249-08:00How to Deal with a Climate Change Denier<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
How to Deal with a Climate Change Denier</h3>
Push them off a cliff. . . . just kidding. Maybe. <br />
<br />
As more and more science adds to the consensus that man made climate change is a real thing Climate Change Deniers because less and less commonly encountered. But when you do come across these oddities, you can bet they are:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/elliott-negin/exxonmobil-claims-shift-on-climate-continues-to-fund-climate-deniers/" target="_blank">Paid by Oil Lobby</a></li>
<li><a href="https://eu.tcpalm.com/story/opinion/readers/2018/12/18/letter-another-term-climate-change-denial-willful-ignorance/2334431002/" target="_blank">Will-fully Ignorant </a></li>
<li>Just Trying to Annoy You </li>
</ul>
I all cases this makes them appalling human beings, and you are unlikely to change their minds. What you need is the <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2535/satellite-data-confirm-annual-carbon-dioxide-minimum-above-400-ppm/" target="_blank">NASA CO2 Graph</a>. It rocks for the following reasons.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Its a picture.</li>
<li>Its shows how weird things are getting.</li>
<li>Its from NASA</li>
</ul>
The last point is likely to sit well with any denier, as they probably like big noisy things that look like penises such as space rockets.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QRP7aLTHLyw/XU7lwi0A3iI/AAAAAAAAF48/oZW_yaAda94jg24iih_QthAC-DqNpfZqACLcBGAs/s1600/climate_change_denier.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="1024" height="239" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QRP7aLTHLyw/XU7lwi0A3iI/AAAAAAAAF48/oZW_yaAda94jg24iih_QthAC-DqNpfZqACLcBGAs/s320/climate_change_denier.jpg" title="a_climate_change_denier" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div>
I saw <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Cox_(physicist)" target="_blank">Professor Brian Cox</a> use this graph to very good effect in a TV debate some time ago. There we had some moronic buffoon towing his oil paymasters line, on how the data didn't stack up etc. Well this graph, got a round of applause from the audience, and the dude stopped talking. Amen.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xzoGcx_iSxA/XU7mgyt2zfI/AAAAAAAAF5E/ttU36cINkas7BSNGtvXK4jDCFeJv99tnACLcBGAs/s1600/nasa_co2_graph.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1280" height="196" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xzoGcx_iSxA/XU7mgyt2zfI/AAAAAAAAF5E/ttU36cINkas7BSNGtvXK4jDCFeJv99tnACLcBGAs/s400/nasa_co2_graph.jpg" title="NASA_co2_graph" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
These days it is easy to look this up on a phone or tablet, and show it to the offender, although my personal favourite is to print on to a baseball bat and hit them on the head with it. If the offender is a co-worker why not super glue this graph to their desk?</div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Misinformation </h3><div>Deniers have often been fed on a diet of carefully crafted misinformation. Oil and Gas Companies have known for decades that global warming was likely to be a real thing. </div><div><br /></div><div>Further Reading:</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/climate/exxon-mobil-global-warming-climate-change.html" target="_blank">Exxon Scientists Predicted Global Warming, Even as Company Cast Doubts, Study Finds</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/just-90-companies-are-blame-most-climate-change-carbon-accountant-says" target="_blank">Just 90 companies are to blame for most climate change, this 'carbon accountant' says</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/elliott-negin/exxonmobil-claims-shift-on-climate-continues-to-fund-climate-deniers/" target="_blank">ExxonMobil Claims Shift on Climate But Continues to Fund Climate Science Deniers</a></div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-46700539812886152352019-08-10T08:19:00.000-07:002019-08-10T08:21:32.350-07:00Why we are Not Doing Anything About Climate Change? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Why we are Not Doing Anything About Climate Change? </h3>
It may seam that we are doing nothing about <a href="http://the-environment.org.uk/further_info/evidence_support_global_warming.html" target="_blank">climate change</a>, things are happening but not quickly enough.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Who is Doing the Most?</h3>
<br />
First off we are doing something about climate change. Countries get together to discuss the issue, we describe the problem, we discuss the solution, we set targets. All this is doing something and in some <a href="http://theconversation.com/eighteen-countries-showing-the-way-to-carbon-zero-112295" target="_blank">countries meaningful reduction sin CO2 emissions</a> have been made.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mG48jj_smAQ/XU7UGmUbhvI/AAAAAAAAF4k/64vcXRNKMwsfCZZLxgVGSv-Mq6J7mh3GgCLcBGAs/s1600/carbon_emmsions_reduction_countries.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="825" data-original-width="1000" height="327" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mG48jj_smAQ/XU7UGmUbhvI/AAAAAAAAF4k/64vcXRNKMwsfCZZLxgVGSv-Mq6J7mh3GgCLcBGAs/s400/carbon_emmsions_reduction_countries.png" title="countries with biggest CO2 reductions" width="400" /></a></div>
So the west is leading the world in reducing CO2 emissions . . . .no not really. We may be showing the greatest percentage decreases, but compared to huge manufacturing nations such as China and India, we do not create very much CO2, and what we do create is easier to decarbonise.<br />
<br />
Quick Example: It is easy to switch a heating system in an office block from oil to gas and save <a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/navigation_pages/zero_carbon_consultants.html" target="_blank">carbon </a>in the process, we could also add solar panels to the roof and reduce further. It is far for diifcult to decarbonise a steel works, or a cement factory. <br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What is Getting in Way? </h3>
Most people (including politicians) are fully aware that climate change is real and require urgent attention. Unfortunately there are some powerful players who stand to loose a lot of money if we stop using oil and gas. Who, the oil and gas companies.<br />
<br />
BP (British Petroleum) for example runs advertising campaigns telling it customers how green it is as company, whilst spending over <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/top-oil-firms-spending-millions-lobbying-to-block-climate-change-policies-says-report" target="_blank">$50,000,000 (50 million) a year on lobbying</a> the government to benefit the sales of oil and gas.<br />
<br />
In total, just in the UK oil firms spend $200,000,000 (200 million) a year on influencing politions to use more oil, and prevent the removal of oil subsidies.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Oil Subsidies? What? Really?</h3>
So world wide tax payers contribute Trillions of Dollars to subsidise oil. In the UK alone tax payers contribute $12,000,000,000 (12 billion) a year to help reduce the cost of oil and gas.<br />
<br />
In the same year we give only $9,000,000,000 (9 billion) a year in subsidies to renewable. Now it is worth pointing out at this point that just throw subsides at renewable may not fix the the problem, nor might it be the best solution.<br />
<br />
For example energy efficiency measures such as subsidising loft insulation, or offset measures such as <a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/carbon/tree_planting.html" target="_blank">Tree Planting</a> are far far cheaper then renewable energy infrastructures subsidies.<br />
<br />
But the fact remains that by subsidising oil and gas we are making oil or gas a more competitively price energy source, which will slow the uptake of renewables. <br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What to Do?</h3>
<br />
We need to act quickly and choose the best value options for decarbonising and offsetting our emissions. Efficiency measure such as altering diet, and turning down heating etc. will only get us so far.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N-WLqyWsCq4/XU7eKLBVigI/AAAAAAAAF4w/sqXv9wYWv98KLtBZJLXEHAQQk18jz-c4gCLcBGAs/s1600/carbon_reduction_costs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="892" height="343" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N-WLqyWsCq4/XU7eKLBVigI/AAAAAAAAF4w/sqXv9wYWv98KLtBZJLXEHAQQk18jz-c4gCLcBGAs/s400/carbon_reduction_costs.jpg" title="cost of carbon reduction " width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Not all carbon saving measures cost the same amount so it is important that we subsidise the correct ones. The recently defunct <a href="https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/environmental-programmes/fit/about-fit-scheme" target="_blank">FITs scheme</a> (paying subsidies to electricity generators for renewable energy), cost around £250 t/CO2e, whilst tree planting in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country" target="_blank">developing country</a> can deliver the same effect for £3 t/CO2e.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This is not to say the <a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/carbon/renewables_options_appraisal.html" target="_blank">Solar or Wind</a> are bad options, but the administration of the subsidies in this case was not good value for money, in term of CO2 reduction per unit of currency. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-10726527799010383882019-07-16T02:46:00.004-07:002019-07-16T02:46:47.110-07:00Semi-Proportional Carbon Footprint Diagram <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Semi-Proportional Carbon Footprint Diagram </span></h2>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Please find
below a free to copy, alter or bastardise Semi-Proportional <a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.co.uk/further%20info/sustainability_consultants/carbon_consultants.html" target="_blank">Carbon Footprint </a>Diagram. It shows which aspects
of our lives use the most carbon. It is based on a diagram found in
"How Bad are Bananas" and which is a good book to read if you are
interested in Carbon Footprints. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="463" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9gLFadEIOzY/XS2bIIXVclI/AAAAAAAAF2E/CC4Wg9v5QkERyBI1J2yxaomv1P1hWGhCACLcBGAs/s400/carbon_foot_print_proportional.png" width="346" /></div>
As
you can see whilst most of obsess over gas and electricity use it is
food, flying and useless crap we buy which are the main problems.<br />
<br />
A
quick look at this diagram and I hope most will see the quickest way to
cut your footprint is to buy less junk, and eat a vegetarian diet. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://zap-seo.com/web_content.html" target="_blank">Scientific Web Content</a></div>
Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-51728271622478909852019-02-19T02:41:00.001-08:002019-02-19T02:41:31.262-08:00Riverford Organic Slaughter Procedure<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Riverford Organic Slaughter Procedure</h3>
<br />
Below is Accurate of November 2018, it is a copy of an email received from Riverford: <br />
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Here are the details of the slaughtering procedure. I have
also added in a little extra to how the animals are kept. If you did want to
find out anymore you are more than welcome to call us here at the Farm (Riverford Organic). Or on
our </i><i><i>(Riverford Organic) </i>website at the top left hand side there is a tab called 'about' click on
that one and scroll down there is another box on the right hand side click on
'faqs' this will open up all the information about why we do things the way we
do, packaging, prices vs supermarket prices, etc. </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>There is a lot of information
backed up with scientific facts to support our ethos here are Riverford. </i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>All the beef and lamb used at the butchery is bought
directly from members of our producer group, who are all within 40 miles of the
abattoir. The group is very selective and we only use farmers we have a long
trusting business relationship with (some also supply veg into Wash). All
producers and their farms have been visited and approved by the butchery
general manager. Regular visits are also carried out during the year.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>We </i><i><i>(Riverford Organic) </i>use a small family run abbattoire in Devon that is 10
minutes’ drive from our butchery. Unlike most abattoirs, they only slaughter
three days out of seven so it is not done on a mass scale (low throughput). It
is fully E.C. licensed and Soil Association approved, has a full time F.S.A.
meat inspector and veterinary surgeon on site during slaughter.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The method used is called stun & stuck- which means that
the animal is “stunned” to render them unconscious and then “stuck” which means
their throat is cut. This process is only carried out by fully licensed and
trained slaughter persons under the supervision of the F.S.A. staff.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Lambs are held in a holding pen, in groups of 3 – 4 as this
reduces stress, where they are “stunned” on either side of the head with a
specially designed electrical stunner. The voltage and “stun” time is
meticulously monitored to ensure the animal is fully unconscious before
“sticking”. They then have their throats cut (“sticking”) and allowed to bleed
before being further processed.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Cattle are held, separately, in a specially designed “stun
box” and shot with a “captive” bolt rather than by electrical stunner because
they are so much larger the electric method would not give an effective “stun”.
The animal is then “stuck” by having its throat cut and allowed to bleed before
further processing.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Chickens are processed at another “low throughput” facility
in Devon. This facility is also fully E.C. licensed and Soil Association
approved to process poultry and again there is a F.S.A. veterinary surgeon on
site during slaughter.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The chickens are hung on a moving line and get dipped into
an electric bath & “stunned” before coming out the other end where a fully
licensed slaughter person is waiting to ensure they are fully stunned before
cutting their throats (“sticking”). They are allowed to bleed before further
processing.</i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>I can assure you that all our animals are killed in the most
humane way possible; none are killed using “ritual” slaughter methods, and they
do not suffer any unnecessary stress or pain. The welfare of the animal is very
important to us and our chosen processors.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>All premises are monitored and supervised by F.S.A.
officials who are completely independent. We also visit and audit the premises
on a regular basis to ensure every process meets our own high standards. The
butchery won the R.S.P.C.A. award for good business in 2011.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<i>Lamb</i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>All of our lambs come from farms local to the butchery and
they live outdoors all year round as this is the most natural way for the animals
to live. They will graze on grass and natural herbage in the spring and summer
and are given hay/silage in the winter & autumn. Farmers may also
supplement the sheep’s diet with organic sheep nuts if there is insufficient
grass to graze.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Farmers will bring the ewes inside to lamb where there will
be straw bedding and penned off areas. These areas are large enough for the
ewes to be comfortable but small enough to ensure the safety of the lamb. As
soon as the farmer feels that the lamb is safe and healthy it will be turned
out to pasture with its mother, this could be anywhere from a few hours to a
couple of days.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The sheep are free to graze naturally which means that they
are able to grow at their own rate. This means that the meat produced is as
natural as possible, giving it a wonderful flavour and the right balance of
muscle and fat.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<i>Beef </i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Our </i><i><i>(Riverford Organic) </i>beef herds live outdoors for the majority of their lives
and all are traditional beef breeds. The Soil Association welfare regulations
dictate that they must be brought inside for a period during the winter time.
This is to allow the pastures to recover during the wetter months of the year
so that the grass will be lush ready for the animals to be let out in early
spring.</i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>When the cattle are brought inside they are kept in large
barns with good ventilation. They all have large bays in the barns with plenty
of straw bedding that is regularly maintained. During this period they are fed
a diet of silage with occasional cereal supplements.</i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>As with other organic livestock, the beef herds are fed and
kept as naturally as possible. This ensures that the meat has the right balance
of muscle and fat, and also means that the need for vaccinations is eradicated.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<i>Pork</i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Our </i><i><i>(Riverford Organic) </i>pork is now supplied by Helen Browning Organics.
http://helenbrowningsorganic.co.uk The pigs are British saddlebacks who live
outdoors all year round. They are in fields which have natural shelter as well
as “pig arks”. These arks are open so the animals can exercise their natural
behaviour patterns without restraint, avoid sunburn on the hotter days and keep
warm in the winter time. The pigs are fed organic pig meal.</i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The pigs will be taken inside a few days before they are
taken to the abattoir. They are brought inside so that the farmers can make
sure they are clean, healthy and up to weight. The barns have a good
ventilation system which keeps the pigs healthy and cool. They have the run of
a large barn which is bedded with straw. Pigs are sociable animals and enjoy
being able to be together in the barns. All pigs are allowed to grow at their
own rate. They are not given any supplements or fattening aids.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>Chicken</b>:</i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>All our </i><i><i>(Riverford Organic) </i>chickens are organic. The chickens have huts for
shelter which are opened each dawn so the chickens can go in and out freely and
easily during daylight hours. They are shut in their huts at dusk to have
protection from predators during the night.</i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The chickens are fed organic chicken feed inside the huts
but when they are outside they scratch and forage in the grass for worms etc.
and lead a totally natural existence. Outside we also provide them with
shelters which they can use for protection from predators and/or inclement
weather.</i></div>
<i>
</i><div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Our farmers keep small flocks of chickens as opposed to
larger ones. This is so that the chickens have plenty of space inside the huts
and outside. Inside the huts the chickens have perches and hay bales and feed
toys (dried corn to peck at e.t.c.).</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><a href="http://www.practical-cycling.info/" target="_blank">Practical Cycling </a></i></div>
</div>
Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0United Kingdom55.378051 -3.4359729999999912.203021 -86.05316049999999 90 79.18121450000001tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7194236051069049572.post-15812663226824263372019-01-29T01:24:00.003-08:002019-01-29T02:17:07.403-08:00Which type of Grocery Bag is the most Environmentally Friendly? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Which type of Grocery Bag (shopping bag) is the most Environmentally Friendly? </h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
This is not a simple choice. Each of the below grocery or shopping bag options has its own problems. The choice will boil down to whether you want to prevent global warming or prevent plastic pollution. Plastic pollution despite being a very visual problem, is a small problem compared to global warming. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #274e13;"><b>Conclusion: The most important factor with a shopping bag / grocery bag is that is is reusable. You should look for a bag that will last a long time, and is easy to make. This is unlikely to be a paper bag, they do not last very long. There is no problem with plastic bag provided it is re-used multiple times, and recycled at the end of use. </b></span></div>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Plastic or paper? </h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Paper is better right? No not really. A life cycle comparison conducted by <a href="https://climatekids.nasa.gov/paper-or-plastic/" target="_blank">NASA </a>(you know rocket scientists), have shown that really there is little to pick between paper or plastic in terms of environmental credibility. Below image courtesy of NASA. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LYTqo06fB2I/XFAXKjQ539I/AAAAAAAAFPw/86yXQA6kZZgoYfAeexA4yU-4WDQfcBvdgCLcBGAs/s1600/paperorplastic-01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="851" data-original-width="1600" height="170" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LYTqo06fB2I/XFAXKjQ539I/AAAAAAAAFPw/86yXQA6kZZgoYfAeexA4yU-4WDQfcBvdgCLcBGAs/s320/paperorplastic-01.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Bag for Life?</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A very simple "bag for life" option for a super market may well be a very good option, a 20c / 10p heavy duty plastic carrier bags will last for perhaps 100 uses and is very easy to make and recycle. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
But even with reusable bag you have to be careful with you choice. Some heavily made reusable bags such as cotton totes bags have to be used 1000's of times before they are better than a normal plastic grocery bag. Why is this? . . . </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
It is because normal plastic grocery or shopping bag is <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/life-cycle-assessment-of-supermarket-carrierbags-a-review-of-the-bags-available-in-2006" target="_blank">very quick and easy</a> to make. A complicated fancy looking bag for life is <a href="https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2018/02/978-87-93614-73-4.pdf" target="_blank">complicated to make</a>, you need to grow cotton, wash the cotton, feed the workers, spin the cotton, weave the cloth, stitch the bag together, transport the bags in trucks. Each of these stages produces CO2 and a complicated bag will produce a lot more CO2 than a simple one. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The best option might be to reuse a bog standard carrier bag. Just make sure you dispose of it properly. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqWKgfXCPxc/XFAbWPqDZmI/AAAAAAAAFP8/qIok0fUlFBsgrjA4VNqtVSx6l3KzAzBJQCLcBGAs/s1600/good_bad_grocery_bag.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="609" height="226" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqWKgfXCPxc/XFAbWPqDZmI/AAAAAAAAFP8/qIok0fUlFBsgrjA4VNqtVSx6l3KzAzBJQCLcBGAs/s400/good_bad_grocery_bag.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Compostable?</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A compostable plastic carrier bag is an excellent choice if you actually intend to compost it at home in you well managed compost heap. But is is not a good choice if it ends up in the normal rubbish bin, or mixed with normal bags for recycling. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
No Bag</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Perhaps the best option is no bag at all. But this only works for just a few items. But if you are wearing a coat, why not put the stuff in your pockets. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Card Board Box</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Many stores provide a used cardboard box, in which to put groceries. Provided this is recycled or composted after use, this might also be a good option.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
In Depth </h3>
The below table comes from a report published by the Environment Agency of UK. It shows the number of times you have to reuse a carrier bag, for it to become comparable with a certain alternative.<br />
<br />
A conventional HDPE bag is very easy to make, and creates little environmental impact. Re-use for best option. A paper bag would have to be used 3 times to be comparable. But I doubt you would be able to re-use a paer bag 3 times. An LDPE bag need only be used 4 times to be comparable, it is entirely feasible that an LDPE bag could be reused 4 times, and as such this is the best option. <br />
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Below is a table showing the types of bag, so as to avoid confusion regarding types.<br />
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Based on the CO2 footprint of manufacture the below graph is derived. This is just one part of the life cycle analysis that was carried out. <br />
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<a href="https://goo.gl/maps/E4211Dmwd4S2">Environmental Consultants London</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.southwest-environmental.com/ca/reports/dispersion_modelling.html" target="_blank">ESDM Report</a></div>
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Kermit Greenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04017975084516716465noreply@blogger.com0